Post by Joanna on Apr 14, 2014 0:14:36 GMT -5
Conan Doyle and Spiritualism
In 1916 Arthur Conan Doyle (May 22, 1859 - July 7, 1930) made a declaration that would impact the remainder of his life: He announced he believed in Spiritualism. Could it be? The man who created the ever-logical Sherlock Holmes believed in ghosts?
Spiritualism. The Fox sisters – Leah, Maggie and Kate of Hydesville, New York, – are credited with the birth of Spiritualism. In began in March 1848 when Maggie and Kate discovered they were able to communicate with a ghost, who claimed to be the spirit of a murdered man buried in the cellar of their home. Word spread that the girls were able to communicate with the dead and before long, neighbors were gathering in their home to witness their supernatural sessions. Soon after Maggie and Kate started talking to the dead, they moved to Rochester to live with their older sister, Leah, who decided to capitalize on her sisters’ extraordinary powers and the rest, as they say, is history.
Spiritualism focused on communication with spirits, stressing there was indeed life after death and that communication with those who had “passed over” was entirely possible. By 1855, two million people on both sides of the Atlantic called themselves Spiritualists. Nonetheless, disorganization within the movement and fraudulent practices led to its decline and by 1900 Spiritualism had lost its popularity. After World War I, however, the practice had a revival as people struggled to deal with the loss of loved ones.
Conan Doyle’s Early Religious Life. The Doyle family was strongly Catholic and Conan was brought up in the faith, but came to question some of the faith’s beliefs and declared himself an agnostic. So strong were his convictions that he refused the help of his father’s family while establishing his medical practice. He realized the family would have recommended him to their church connections, but felt it would have been hypocritical to draw on their support. As early as 1881, he exhibited an interest in Spiritualism when he attended a lecture on the practice. In 1887, The Light, a spiritualistic magazine, published an article by Conan Doyle describing a séance he had attended. Two years later, in February of 1889, he attended a lecture on mesmerism by Professor Milo de Meyer during which the lecturer attempted to mesmerize or hypnotize Conan Doyle himself, but failed.
Conan Doyle a Ghostbuster? In 1893 Conan Doyle joined the British Society for Psychical Research. Other members were future Prime Minister Arthur Balfour, philosopher William James, naturalist Alfred Russell Wallace, scientists Williams Crookes and Oliver Lodge.
In 1894, Colonel Elmore asked the organization to investigate mysterious sounds emanating from his home in Dorset. At night Elmore, his wife and adult daughter could hear chains being dragged across a wooden floor and moaning that sounded like a soul in torment and most of Elmore’s staff had left. Conan Doyle, Dr. Sydney Scott and Frank Podmore were sent to investigate the possible haunting. They spent several evenings in the home, however, the results were inconclusive. One night the investigators were disturbed by a “fearsome uproar” but no damage or cause for the noise could be discovered. Conan Doyle left the Dorset home unsure if it was genuinely haunted or if the haunting had been a hoax. Later, the body of a child, approximately 10-years-old, was discovered buried in the garden. Conan Doyle became convinced he really had witnessed psychic phenomena that was caused by the spirit of the dead child.
The Public Fight for Spiritualism. During October of 1917, Conan Doyle gave his first public lecture on Spiritualism. He wanted to present the facts, as he knew them, for the benefit of mankind. Even though he knew his reputation and career would suffer, he became an outspoken proponent for the movement. He wrote books, articles and made countless public appearances to promote his beliefs. His easy-going manner and absolute faith in the movement made him an effective speaker. He was so sincere that even opponents of Spiritualism considered him well-intentioned.
Harry Price made a reputation for himself by exposing false mediums. He had this to say about Conan Doyle: “Setting aside for the moment his extraordinary and most lovable personal qualities, the chief qualification that he possessed for the role of investigator was his crusading zeal. Among all the notable persons attracted to Spiritualism, he was perhaps the most uncritical. His extreme credulity, indeed, was the despair of his colleagues, all of whom, however, held him in the highest respect for his complete honesty. Poor, dear, lovable, credulous Doyle! He was a giant in stature with the heart of a child.”
The Cottingley Fairies. Conan Doyle’s already battered reputation hit a new low in late 1920. The December issue of The Strand magazine featured an article written by Conan Doyle about some extraordinary photos. Two young ladies in the Yorkshire village of Cottingley took these photographs of things they’d seen surrounding their country home. The photos were of fairies. Conan Doyle learned of the photos earlier in the year and began to investigate the matter. Negatives of the photographs were sent to two places for testing. One group, the London representatives of Kodak, stated that no one had tampered with the negatives. However, the examiners also said they could produce similar photos and therefore, could not say the photos were genuine pictures of fairies. He received a different response from the second expert. Harold Snelling examined the negatives and declared the photos to be genuine. Snelling’s endorsement along with Conan Doyle’s chivalrous view that two young ladies would not lie about such a matter led him to believe that the photos were authentic photos of fairies.
Conan Doyle and Harry Houdini. Harry Houdini is considered by some to be the greatest magician of all time. He specialized in escapes. He could inexplicably extract himself from coffins, mailbags, and safes. In one famous incident he even broke free of handcuffs in Scotland Yard. Houdini became interested in Spiritualism after the death of his beloved mother. He had hopes of contacting her. However after consulting mediums and attending séances he became convinced that mediums were charlatans. Thereafter he made it a personal mission to expose false mediums.
Conan Doyle first met Houdini in 1920. Oddly enough the two men became friends. Conan Doyle wanted to make Houdini a believer in the movement. He even suspected that Houdini possessed some psychic gifts. Houdini must have been flattered by the attention of the famous creator of Sherlock Holmes. Also Houdini really did want to believe in the movement. If he could find a genuine medium then he could perhaps contact his mother.
In 1922 Conan Doyle and his family were in America for a lecture tour on Spiritualism. They arranged to meet Houdini and his wife, Bess, in Atlantic City. While the couples were visiting Lady Conan Doyle suggested that they hold a séance. Jean Conan Doyle was an inspired or automatic writer and she felt that she could help Houdini attain what he’d long sought, contact with his mother. The session went well and Lady Conan Doyle produced fifteen pages of writings supposedly from Houdini’s mother. While Houdini didn’t doubt the Conan Doyles sincerely wanted to help him, he did doubt that the message was from his mother. He didn’t say anything at the time, but the communication was in English, a language his mother did not speak. Also the writings made no mention of the fact that the séance happened on his mother’s birthday.
Months later, Houdini shared his doubts. Conan Doyle countered that contact between the two worlds produced a natural translating effect. Thusly, it was normal that the communication would be in the language of the medium and not that of the spirit. He also stated that things such as birthdays didn’t matter to those in the spirit realm. Although they tried to put this incident behind them, their friendship never recovered from the rift.
Summary. Conan Doyle’s support of Spiritualism damaged his reputation as he knew it would. He was never one to back away from a fight and the fight for Spiritualism was one he fought until the end. A few days before his death in 1930, Conan Doyle wrote, “The reader will judge that I have had many adventures. The greatest and most glorious of all awaits me now.”
Source: The Chronicles of Arthur Conan Doyle.
